The emergence and application of self loading mixer undoubtedly provides many benefits and conveniences for construction engineering construction. However, due to its particularity, self loading mixer truck is more likely to cause traffic accidents than ordinary vehicles in the actual driving process, and the consequences of the accident are more serious than ordinary vehicles. The following article will simply analyze the main causes of the accident during the transportation of the loading mixer, and give the corresponding solutions for these reasons.

自上料攪拌車主要由底盤、供水系統(tǒng)、液壓系統(tǒng)、攪拌筒、前后臺(tái)及車架、進(jìn)出料系統(tǒng)、操作系統(tǒng)、人梯及照明裝置等部件組成

The self loading mixer is mainly composed of chassis, water supply system, hydraulic system, mixing drum, front and rear platform and frame, feeding and discharging system, operating system, ladder and lighting device

（一）事故發(fā)生原因分析

（1） Cause analysis of the accident

1.車輛結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)

1. Vehicle structure features

自上料攪拌車主要由底盤、供水系統(tǒng)、液壓系統(tǒng)、攪拌筒、前后臺(tái)及車架、進(jìn)出料系統(tǒng)、操作系統(tǒng)、人梯及照明裝置等部件組成。攪拌車由于在底盤上加裝了攪拌滾筒，其較其他改裝車輛的高出很多，即使部分生產(chǎn)廠家竭盡各種辦法降低攪拌車的，受攪拌車現(xiàn)有結(jié)構(gòu)的限制，整車仍然很高。

The self loading mixer is mainly composed of chassis, water supply system, hydraulic system, mixing drum, front and rear platform and frame, feeding and discharging system, operating system, ladder and lighting device. The center of gravity of the mixer truck is much higher than that of other modified vehicles due to the installation of mixing drum on the chassis. Even if some manufacturers try their best to reduce the center of gravity of the mixer truck, due to the limitation of the existing structure of the mixer, the center of gravity of the whole vehicle is still very high.

2.工作模式

2. Working mode

自上料攪拌車是將預(yù)拌混凝土從攪拌站運(yùn)輸?shù)绞┕すさ氐囊环N專用車輛。在運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中，為保障預(yù)拌混凝土的質(zhì)量，攪拌滾筒在運(yùn)輸途中須低速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)（1-3rpm），因此使整車的向著旋轉(zhuǎn)方向偏移。目前，國(guó)內(nèi)的螺旋幾乎都是左旋螺旋，因此攪拌車在右轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)更容易側(cè)翻。

Self loading mixer is a special vehicle for transporting ready mixed concrete from mixing station to construction site. In the process of transportation, in order to ensure the quality of ready mixed concrete, the mixing drum must run at a low speed (1-3 RPM) during transportation, so that the center of gravity of the whole vehicle shifts towards the rotation direction. At present, the domestic screw is almost left-handed, so the mixer truck is easier to roll when turning right.

上料攪拌車的交通事故也多由超速引起。汽車行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《混凝土攪拌運(yùn)輸車技術(shù)條件和實(shí)驗(yàn)方法》中明確規(guī)定攪拌車較高車速不得高于50km/h。而目前幾乎所有的攪拌車司機(jī)都沒(méi)有做到這點(diǎn)，同時(shí)相關(guān)攪拌車生產(chǎn)廠家也沒(méi)有對(duì)攪拌車采取限速措施。因此廠家為了多賺錢，即使在車水馬龍的市區(qū)，攪拌車的時(shí)速也時(shí)有超過(guò)50km/h，甚更高。

The traffic accidents of loading mixer are mostly caused by speeding. The national automobile industry standard "technical conditions and experimental methods for concrete mixer truck" clearly stipulates that the higher speed of mixer truck shall not be higher than 50km / h. At present, almost all the mixer drivers have not done this, and the relevant mixer manufacturers have not taken speed limit measures for the mixer. Therefore, in order to make more money, even in the busy urban areas, the speed of mixer truck sometimes exceeds 50km / h, or even higher.

3.企業(yè)管理

3. Enterprise management

凝土企業(yè)出料多少受季節(jié)影響很大，在企業(yè)生產(chǎn)旺季和施工項(xiàng)目比較多時(shí)，自上料攪拌車司機(jī)在一個(gè)或數(shù)個(gè)工地疲于本命，而且在炎熱的夏季，為降低預(yù)拌混凝土中水分的蒸發(fā)，保障混凝土的質(zhì)量，大多工程選擇在夜間施工，因此駕駛員幾乎沒(méi)有休息的時(shí)間，多數(shù)時(shí)候處在疲勞駕駛狀態(tài)，從而大大增加了攪拌車事故發(fā)生的幾率。同時(shí)，由于司機(jī)的待遇和運(yùn)輸次數(shù)和運(yùn)輸方量掛鉤，即使企業(yè)不在生產(chǎn)旺季，也促使司機(jī)多拉快跑。因此，疲勞駕駛和超速駕駛便成了攪拌車司機(jī)的家常便飯。

The discharging amount of concrete enterprises is greatly affected by seasons. In the peak production season and construction projects, the driver of the loading mixer truck is tired of his own life in one or several construction sites. In hot summer, in order to reduce the evaporation of moisture in the ready mixed concrete and ensure the quality of concrete, most projects choose to construct at night, so the driver hardly has a rest time in a day, Most of the time, they are in fatigue driving state, which greatly increases the probability of mixer accidents. At the same time, the number of drivers and transport enterprises are not linked to the number of times of transportation. As a result, fatigue driving and speeding have become the daily life of mixer drivers.

（二）相關(guān)措施和辦法

（2） Relevant measures and Solutions

通過(guò)以上分析，自上料攪拌車要想實(shí)現(xiàn)行駛，降低事故的發(fā)生率，不但需要司機(jī)的自我約束，加強(qiáng)文明駕駛意識(shí)，而且需要攪拌車生產(chǎn)廠家對(duì)攪拌車技術(shù)的改進(jìn)和各相關(guān)行政部門的嚴(yán)厲監(jiān)督。因此，提出以下幾點(diǎn)方案：

Through the above analysis, in order to achieve safe driving and reduce the incidence of accidents, it is not only necessary for the driver's self-restraint and strengthening the awareness of safe and civilized driving, but also the improvement of mixer technology and the strict supervision of relevant administrative departments. Therefore, the following solutions are proposed:

1.混凝土生產(chǎn)企業(yè)改變車隊(duì)管理模式，司機(jī)的待遇不但和運(yùn)輸次數(shù)和運(yùn)輸方量掛鉤，還要和文明駕駛掛鉤，加強(qiáng)司機(jī)的意識(shí)，要求司機(jī)文明駕駛，嚴(yán)禁司機(jī)在運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中的超速行為。

1. When the concrete production enterprises change the management mode of the fleet, the treatment of drivers is not only linked with the number of transportation and the volume of transportation, but also with safe and civilized driving, so as to strengthen the safety awareness of drivers, require the drivers to drive in a civilized manner, and prohibit drivers from speeding during transportation.

2.攪拌車生產(chǎn)廠家通過(guò)技術(shù)革新，不斷降低車輛的，目前通過(guò)降低攪拌滾筒的傾斜角度；三一通過(guò)一體化設(shè)計(jì)取消副車架都有效降低了攪拌車的。同時(shí)在攪拌車上安裝GPS，監(jiān)測(cè)車輛速度，當(dāng)車速超過(guò)50km/h時(shí)，車輛報(bào)警提示司機(jī)降速。

2. Through technical innovation, the mixer manufacturer has continuously reduced the center of gravity of the vehicle. At present, by reducing the tilt angle of the mixing drum, Sany has effectively reduced the center of gravity of the mixer by canceling the sub frame through the integrated design. At the same time, GPS is installed on the mixer to monitor the vehicle speed. When the vehicle speed exceeds 50km / h, the vehicle alarms and prompts the driver to slow down.

在自上料攪拌車運(yùn)輸?shù)耐局邪l(fā)生交通事故的情況雖不在少數(shù)，但只要我們嚴(yán)格按照相應(yīng)技術(shù)規(guī)程正確操作和使用，并認(rèn)真將各項(xiàng)防護(hù)措施落實(shí)到位，相信定能夠降低攪拌車發(fā)生嚴(yán)重事故的幾率。

Although there are not a few traffic accidents on the way from the loading mixer truck, as long as we operate and use it in strict accordance with the corresponding technical regulations, and seriously implement various safety protection measures, we believe that the probability of serious safety accidents of the mixer can be reduced.