必須注意，由于支腿臂架系統(tǒng)和攪拌系統(tǒng)都屬于開式系統(tǒng)，在預熱后期，可以伸展支腿和臂架，啟動攪拌器，以達到換向閥之后的液壓油流回油箱，整個液壓系統(tǒng)的油溫逐漸趨于正常的效果。

It must be noted that since both the outrigger boom system and the mixing system are open systems, in the late preheating period, the outrigger and boom can be extended and the mixer can be started to achieve the effect that the hydraulic oil after the reversing valve flows back to the oil tank, and the oil temperature of the whole hydraulic system gradually tends to be normal.

攪拌一體車的液壓系統(tǒng)中，支腿和臂架系統(tǒng)有一定的特殊性。出于安全考慮，每一個垂直支腿油缸和每一個臂架油缸都設置有平衡閥（俗稱“液壓鎖”），只有當換向閥打開時，平衡閥才會接通油路。否則，平衡閥一直處于關閉狀態(tài)，將油缸內外的液壓油隔絕開。

In the hydraulic system of the mixer truck, the outrigger and boom system have certain particularity. For safety reasons, each vertical outrigger cylinder and each boom cylinder are equipped with a balance valve (commonly known as "hydraulic lock"), and the balance valve will connect the oil circuit only when the reversing valve is opened. Otherwise, the balance valve is always closed to isolate the hydraulic oil inside and outside the cylinder.

那么，在預熱后期伸展支腿和臂架時，如果要將油缸內原有的低溫液壓油全部擠回油箱，保持油缸內液壓油的溫度平衡，避免因油缸活塞兩側存在溫差而發(fā)生油缸自行，則必須讓油缸從完全縮回到完全伸出運動一個全行程，否則總有部分液壓油不能回到油箱。而這種全行程操作既浪費時間，又浪費柴油。

Then, when extending the outrigger and boom at the later stage of preheating, if you want to squeeze all the original low-temperature hydraulic oil in the cylinder back into the oil tank, maintain the temperature balance of the hydraulic oil in the cylinder, and avoid the cylinder self motion due to the temperature difference on both sides of the cylinder piston, you must make the cylinder move from fully retracted to fully extended for a full stroke, otherwise some hydraulic oil cannot return to the oil tank. This full stroke operation wastes both time and diesel.

更有甚者，如果伸展空間被限制，全行程是根本做不到的。所以，我們在正式伸展支腿和臂架以前，應該采取多次往復運動的方式，在級小的范圍內多次伸縮各個油缸，使缸內原有的低溫油與進入缸內的高溫油充分混合，利用對流和傳導原理使缸內液壓油整體溫度上升。待缸內油溫平衡后，再正式支放支腿、展開臂架。

What's more, if the stretching space is limited, the whole journey is simply impossible. Therefore, before formally extending the outrigger and boom, we should adopt the method of multiple reciprocating movements to expand and retract each oil cylinder within a small range of stages, so that the original low-temperature oil in the cylinder can be fully mixed with the high-temperature oil entering the cylinder, and the overall temperature of the hydraulic oil in the cylinder can be increased by using the convection and conduction principle. After the oil temperature in the cylinder is balanced, the outrigger shall be formally supported and the boom shall be unfolded.

綜上所述，車上裝預熱操作看似千篇一律，實際上是否操作得當將直接影響攪拌車的故障率、維護成本，甚至安全狀態(tài)。對于其它設備，主泵送系統(tǒng)預熱的基本方法與泵車是一致的，其它系統(tǒng)預熱的基本方法也可參考泵車。同時必須注意，預熱操作方法不可以違背設備使用說明書的相關規(guī)定。希望廣大攪拌車設備操作人員，在日常工作中養(yǎng)成正規(guī)操作的良好習慣，順利完成冬施任務。

To sum up, the preheating operation on the truck seems to be the same. In fact, whether it is properly operated will directly affect the failure rate, maintenance cost and even safety status of the mixer truck. For other equipment, the basic preheating method of the main pumping system is the same as that of the pump truck, and the basic preheating method of other systems can also refer to the pump truck. At the same time, it must be noted that the preheating operation method cannot violate the relevant provisions of the equipment operation manual. It is hoped that the mixing truck equipment operators can develop a good habit of regular operation in their daily work and successfully complete the winter construction task.

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